Signal.



0. 0. HARRINGTON.

, SIGNAL. APPLICATION IVILED MAY 20, 1914.

1,127,199, Patented Feb. 2,1915;

' FIG. 2

WITNESSES I. INVENTOR I I a-z s rarnnr carton.

CLINTON 0. HARRINGTON, OF EDGEWOOD BOROUGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE UNION SWITCH 8e SIGNAL COMPANY, OF SWISSVALE, PENNSYLVANIA, A CUR- PORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

SIGNAL.

Patented Feb. 2, 1915.

.eppllcationflled May 20, 1914.. Serial No. 83?,712.

of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Signals, of'which the followmg 18 a specification.

My invention relates to signals and par- 10 ticularlyto signals oi the type in which a inn. although they are not limited to this source of light is employed for giving indications both at night and in daylight.

Signals'embodving my invention are particularly adapted for use-in railway signalparticularadaptation. When a signal of the type mentioned is used on a railway curve. the beam of light projected hythe signal should be visible over all points on the curve in therear of the signal. Hence,

in beam is preferably elongated in a horiaxial direction, but not in a vertical direc- Furthermore. it is desirable that the on should appear to be about the same intensity from all points on ,the'curve. hence the beam preferably varies progressively in intensity from a maximum value adjacentone end to a minimum value adiaccntthe other. the more intense portion of the light 80 being directed toward the end of the curve farthest from the signal and the less in tense portions being directed toward the sections of the curve'nearer to the signal.

One feature of my invention is the provision of a sis'nal wliich will project a beam of-this character. I will describe several forms of signals embodyins my invention and will then point out the novel features thereof in claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a top view showing one form of signal embodying my invention. Fin. 2 is a view showing a lamp having: a modified form of filament, which lamp may be substituted for the lamp L shown in Fig'. 1. Figs. 3 and 4 are views showing lamps havina still other forms of filament. either of which maybe substituted for the lamp L shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a grou of curves showing the distribution of candle-power alone: the line X-Y of the signal shown in Fig. 1. and also along the same line when the lamp shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4 are substituted in this signal. Fig. 6 is a View showings railway curve provided with a signal embodying my invention.

Similar reference characters refer to simil ar parts in each of the views.

Referring first to Fig. 1, the signal here shown comprises an incandescent electric lamp L from which a beam of light is pro- The incandescent lamp L comprises a fila ment B which is elongated in a horizovhl direction perpendicular to the axis O-n of lens 2, one end of the filament being located substantially in this axis and the bill-' ance of the filament extending to one side of the axis. With this form and arrangement oflamp filament. the intensity of light at various points along line X-Y in front of the signal varies substantially as indi cated by curve 2'; in Fig. 5. from which'it will be seen that the greatest intensity of light is in the axis 0-l. that the intensity decreases rapidly to the left of theaxis. and that the beam is elongated with gradually decreasing intensity to the right ofthe axis.

Therefore. by so arranaingz the signal as to toward that point and the intensity of the light will vary progressively. as can beseen concentrated, thatis, it consists of a large 1 number of turns in a 'omparatively small space, while the balance, of the filament'ex ten'ds to one side of the optical axis in 'a manner similar to filament 1B in Fig. l.

With thelemp filament -13. arranged in this manner, the variation of intensity of the beam along the line-X--Y is as indicated by curve b in Fig.5. From. the curve it is seen the point of greatest intensity is obtained, from the concentrated portionof filament B located in the optical axis OK- and that the] intensity of the beam at this point is somewhat vgreater than that ob tained from filament l3. 7 However, it is seen -5 from the curve 6' that thev intensity of beam varies progressively from a maximum value adjacent the axis to a minimum value adjacent; one end, and will therefore appear to be approximately the same intensity from 3 allpoints of the curves In Figs. 3 and 41 have shown lamps. L and L having filaments B and B? which j vary, progressively in concentration from a maximum value at one end to a minimum, value at the other. end, each lamp beihg so locatedithat the optical axis O,-K of the proiectin'g means passes through the most highly concentrated end of the filament. vThese filaments are preferably helical'm 125 for-in and in. the case (if-filament l3 the,

variation of concentration is obtained. by

progressively decreasing the diameter of the successive turnsywhilethe variation in; filawment- 1B is obtained by progressively increasing the pitch of the successive .turns.-.

.With filaments of this design used in place of filaments. B and B of Figs. Land 2., the

; distributionof candle-power along the line X.Y' is substantiallyas indicated byicurve in Fig. 5, 'Which is approximately, the

,ideal distribution of candle-power for illuminating a, railway curve.

H In Fignfi lfhave shown a railway curve F :7 at one end of wh ch s a signal S,'wh1ch may ,bean'v one of the several forms s'hown here;

signal, the light is'constantly' visible and constantly appears of siibstantially the same intensity.v There is, therefore. no light wasted in unnecessarily'intens'e illumination v and means for pro ectmg a beam of light at any one part of the curve. I v Althoughl have herein shown only a' few forms of signals embodying my invention,

it isjundcrstood that various changes and modifications may be.made therein within. -the scope of thejappended claimswi thou'tco departing from the spirlt and'scop'eofany invention; Having thu iilclaini isz." o i=1. A signal] comprising anincandescent ss electrio'lamp, and ineans forprojecting a s described my invention, what.

.beam of light from said lamp, the lamp fila ment being'elon'gated in a direction substana tially perpendicular to the'axis' of said projectlng means, and so located that one end of said filament'is substantially in the said .axis.

2. A signal'comprising an incandescent electric lamp,'means for projecting a beam of light from said lamp, the lamp filament being elongated in a direction substantially perpendicularto the axis of said projecting means, and so located that one end of said filament is substantially in the said axis; and

the portion of the filament lying in and adjacent to the axis being more highly concentrated than the remainder of the filament.

BPA signal 1 comprising an incandescent electriclamp and optical means for projecting albeam of light from said lamp, the filament of said lampbeing elongated in a direction perpendicular to the axis. of said projectingmeans and one end of the filament being located in saidaxis, and the confroma maximum -value adjacent the end in the axis to a minimum value at the other end, said variation of concentration being obtaine d by progressively decreasing the diameter of the successive turns. I

electric lamp and optical means for project ing a beam of light from said lamp, the lilame'nt'of said lamp being helical and elongated in a direction perpendicular to the 5. A signal comprising an incandescent axis of said pro ecting means, and one endllO of the filament beinglocated in said axis,

and the concentration of said f ilament 'vary ing from a maximum value ad acent the end g in the axis to a: minimum value at the other end, said variation of concentration being obtained by progressively increasing the pitch of thesuccessive turns. 6. A signal comprising a source of light,

" from said sourceasaid sourcebeing elon- 12L stantially in said axis. "7. A signal comprisl and a lens for pro ecting a beam from saidsouijce, said source being elongatedin a die ng a source of light, .125;

, rection substantially perpendicular to the axis of the lens, and one'end of said source being located'substantially saidaxis. I I

mam v a 8. A signal comprising a source of light In testimony Whereai I affix my signaiure and means for prqectmg a beam from San} 1n prfisenee 0i: 3W9 wlmesses.

source, said source being elongated in a di- 1 W I A R l EGGHOTA at an angle to the aims Qt sand pro- CL N 0 R NGTON ectingmeans, and fsmd soume bemg ei1s- Wfizaessgs:

placed. so that lts center has outslde of said A. HERMAN WEQNER, 

